{"id":1364,"date":"2023-11-18T07:38:10","date_gmt":"2023-11-18T07:38:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/strumenti-musicali-fatti-a-mano-nel-folklore-e-nella-tradizione-popolare-italiana\/"},"modified":"2025-01-02T11:38:04","modified_gmt":"2025-01-02T11:38:04","slug":"handmade-musical-instruments-in-italian-folklore-popular-tradition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/en\/handmade-musical-instruments-in-italian-folklore-popular-tradition\/","title":{"rendered":"Handmade Musical Instruments in Italian Folklore and Popular Tradition"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Folk music<\/strong>, also known as <strong>traditional music<\/strong>, is created by the people and has always stood in contrast to classical music.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This genre shares common traits across nations and is characterized by being occasional, meaning <strong>tied to specific moments in history<\/strong> or the life of a community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Over the years, <strong>folk music has been passed down orally<\/strong>. This is why it lacks written notation. However, it\u2019s not only about <strong>notes and rhythm<\/strong>, but also about <strong>musical instruments<\/strong>, which were traditionally handcrafted by skilled local artisans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In many countries, the tradition of handmade musical instruments has played a crucial role in artistic and cultural expression. Over time, various materials such as wood, leather, metal, and even animal bones have been used. Techniques vary depending on the region and the materials, but all handcrafted instruments require great precision and expertise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article will explore the features of the <strong>most important instruments in Italian folk music tradition<\/strong>, which continue to be a part of cultural heritage today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 ez-toc-wrap-center counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/en\/handmade-musical-instruments-in-italian-folklore-popular-tradition\/#One_of_the_most_widespread_instruments_in_folk_music_the_zampogna\" >One of the most widespread instruments in folk music: the zampogna<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/en\/handmade-musical-instruments-in-italian-folklore-popular-tradition\/#The_characteristics_of_rhythm_in_folk_music_tradition\" >The characteristics of rhythm in folk music tradition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/en\/handmade-musical-instruments-in-italian-folklore-popular-tradition\/#One_of_the_oldest_popular_instruments_the_tambourine\" >One of the oldest popular instruments: the tambourine<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/en\/handmade-musical-instruments-in-italian-folklore-popular-tradition\/#One_of_the_most_used_string_instruments_in_folk_tradition_the_chitarra_battente\" >One of the most used string instruments in folk tradition: the chitarra battente<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/en\/handmade-musical-instruments-in-italian-folklore-popular-tradition\/#A_string_instrument_of_great_charm_the_lira\" >A string instrument of great charm: the lira<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/en\/handmade-musical-instruments-in-italian-folklore-popular-tradition\/#A_folk_music_instrument_born_in_the_1800s_the_organetto\" >A folk music instrument born in the 1800s: the organetto<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"One_of_the_most_widespread_instruments_in_folk_music_the_zampogna\"><\/span><strong>One of the most widespread instruments in folk music: the zampogna<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Among the most historical folk instruments is undoubtedly the <a href=\"https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/en\/the-zampogna-the-instrument-sound-of-the-shepherds\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">zampogna<\/a>. This instrument has accompanied numerous folk songs on various occasions and has spread across many Italian regions, particularly in the South.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this context, it is also <strong>known as &#8220;ciaramedda&#8221;<\/strong>, and its construction uses materials typical of regions where pastoralism is common among the people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The zampogna produces a typically sweet sound from several <strong>pipes<\/strong>, which vibrate thanks to the air stored in a <strong>bag made of goat or sheep skin<\/strong>. The player blows air into the pipes\u2019 mouthpieces, creating the characteristic sound of this extraordinary instrument.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The bag holds both melody and drone pipes. Different notes are produced by <strong>opening or closing small holes on the pipes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Depending on the region, you can find <strong>zampognas with 4 or 5 pipes<\/strong>. These instruments generally accompanied traditional folk songs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Pietro Crea &amp; Francesco Di Mondo - Ciaramedda Calabrese\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EAnJO-09PnM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Ciaramedda calabreve e tamburello &#8211; Pietro Crea and Francesco Di Mondo &#8211; video by David M<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_characteristics_of_rhythm_in_folk_music_tradition\"><\/span><strong>The characteristics of rhythm in folk music tradition<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Before exploring other typical folk instruments, it\u2019s important to note that rhythm in this genre is usually provided by either percussion or string instruments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the percussion category, we primarily find <strong>bass drums<\/strong> and <strong>tambourines<\/strong>. Often, these were the only instruments in <strong>folk music bands<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the oldest percussion instruments is the &#8220;<strong>Tocca Tocca<\/strong>.&#8221; It consisted of a central section made of chestnut wood with movable parts that struck the central board when the instrument was shaken, producing its distinctive sound. Historically, and still today in some small villages, it\u2019s used to announce the death of Christ and the beginning of Easter rites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"One_of_the_oldest_popular_instruments_the_tambourine\"><\/span><strong>One of the oldest popular instruments: the tambourine<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Among the most widespread and well-known folk instruments is, undoubtedly, the <strong>tambourine. It\u2019s a frame drum instrument<\/strong> characterized by a <strong>wooden frame<\/strong> onto which an <strong>animal skin<\/strong> (usually goat) is stretched.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Traditionally, the skin is attached to the frame using wooden nails or, alternatively, a band made of the same material. Metal inserts, often recycled from food cans, are attached inside the frame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tambourines come in various sizes, ranging from <strong>25 centimeters to 70 centimeters<\/strong> in diameter. Naturally, size affects the sound. The same applies to the number of metal parts attached to the frame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This instrument produces essentially <strong>two sounds<\/strong>: a <strong>low tone<\/strong> from the goat skin and a <strong>high tone<\/strong> from the metal inserts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"One_of_the_most_used_string_instruments_in_folk_tradition_the_chitarra_battente\"><\/span><strong>One of the most used string instruments in folk tradition: the chitarra battente<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Among the oldest instruments in the folk music tradition is the <strong>chitarra battente<\/strong>. Its history began <strong>in the 1500s and spread across Italy and Europe<\/strong>. It was widely used in various parts of the continent and adapted by peasants to their musical style, diverging from Baroque traditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The techniques for constructing the chitarra battente were rather rudimentary. <strong>Scrap materials<\/strong>, such as occasional wood, were often used. No specific musical compositions were written for this folk instrument. Throughout its history, it was primarily played by lower social classes and ignored by court composers, the only ones with the knowledge to transcribe music.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike the guitar we know today, the chitarra battente stands out for its <strong>shape<\/strong>, resembling an <strong>elongated figure eight<\/strong>. Its body is particularly rounded, with a soundboard featuring a hole typically covered with colored paper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The chitarra battente has a fretboard with no more than twelve frets<\/strong>, and its tuning pegs are located at the end of the neck. It features five pairs of strings made of metal. While their thickness is uniform, different variants have emerged over time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In its peasant variation, the instrument often has four strings, omitting the third (G). Occasionally, a fifth string is added to serve as a drone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The bridge, which is very low and movable, stays in place due to the tension of the strings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Danza Ionia - Francesco Loccisano e Marcello De Carolis anteprima LP &quot;venti&quot; per chitarre battenti\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9d3Cahe4poc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Danza Ionia &#8211; Chitarra battente &#8211; Francesco Loccisano and Marcello De Carolis &#8211; Video by Calabria Sona<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_string_instrument_of_great_charm_the_lira\"><\/span><strong>A string instrument of great charm: the lira<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.handmadesound.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Lira_da_gamba_vairante-Leipzig.jpg?fit=683%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"Lira da gamba - Photo by Thom Quine \/ Wikipedia\" class=\"wp-image-926\" style=\"width:385px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Lira_da_gamba_vairante-Leipzig.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Lira_da_gamba_vairante-Leipzig-600x900.jpg 600w, https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Lira_da_gamba_vairante-Leipzig-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Lira_da_gamba_vairante-Leipzig-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Lira_da_gamba_vairante-Leipzig-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Lira_da_gamba_vairante-Leipzig-580x870.jpg 580w, https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Lira_da_gamba_vairante-Leipzig-860x1290.jpg 860w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Lira da gamba &#8211; Photo by Thom Quine<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>lira<\/strong> is a traditional folk instrument consisting of <strong>three strings<\/strong> played with a bow. The sound it produces is unique, and its primary role is melodic. In some folk performances, the lira replaces the violin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Compared to other instruments, the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/en\/lyre-history-how-it-is-made-how-to-play-it\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">lyre<\/a> is made from a single piece of wood<\/strong>, onto which the soundboard is attached. A distinctive feature is the presence of two resonance holes, either oval or circular, with the bridge positioned between them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Historically, the strings were made from <strong>animal gut<\/strong> or fibers extracted from agave. Today, these materials have been <strong>replaced by nylon,<\/strong> also used for classical guitar strings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lira players use their left hand to press the strings while the right hand <strong>bows across two strings at a time<\/strong>, with the middle string acting as a drone. The instrument is held vertically, with the player either seated, holding it between their legs, or standing, resting it on one knee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each region where the lira spread has its own fingering style, adapted to local folk music traditions. Generally, the lira has been especially significant in the musical traditions of Mediterranean regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_folk_music_instrument_born_in_the_1800s_the_organetto\"><\/span><strong>A folk music instrument born in the 1800s: the organetto<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/new.handmadesound.com\/en\/how-an-accordion-is-made-and-types-of-accordions\/\">diatonic accordion<\/a><\/strong>, commonly known as the <strong>organetto<\/strong>, was invented in 1829 and became popular in folk music during the 20th century, replacing bagpipes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The organetto became a key player in folk dances<\/strong>, introducing previously unknown dances such as the liscio. However, its prominence was short-lived as the accordion gained popularity, relegating the organetto to rural areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Technically, the organetto is essentially an accordion with <strong>two wooden boxes connected by a cardboard bellows<\/strong>. Inside these boxes are <strong>reed blocks<\/strong>, which support the <strong>reeds<\/strong> (metal plates that vibrate to produce sound). <strong>Pressing the keys opens valves<\/strong> that, with the bellows&#8217; movement, allow air to pass and activate the reeds.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Folk music, also known as traditional music, is created by the people and has always stood in contrast to classical music. This genre shares common traits across nations and is characterized by being occasional, meaning tied to specific moments in history or the life of a community. Over the years, folk music has been passed [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1192,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-music-theory-culture"],"yoast_head":"<title>Handmade Musical Instruments in Italian Folklore and Popular Tradition - Handmade Sound<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover the tradition of Italian folk music and the musical instruments used. 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